History of Pueblo Revolt Essay

both piece of indite history starts when somebody becomes curious and asks questions.1 In webers compilation he gathers several of these curious peoples works and binds their writings together to form a sort of continued discussion. Arguing from opposite sources and coming from unlike backgrounds, they indubitably arrive at dissimilar conclusions. From gather to Gutirrez and from Chvez to Knaut, they each are part of a continued dialogue on what that caused the Pueblo gross out of 1680.By get overing the readings as a sum instead of exclusive accounts, one can gain a more than detailed view. speckle some poke holes in others theories, around of the judgment of conviction, the writers simply offer dissimilar perspectives. The vast range of the arguments speak to the difficulty of the topic. Examining an event (or series of events, as the case may be) 300 geezerhood ago is an arduous task, nonwithstanding trying to determine causation of such events is even more cum bersome. typically numerous factors exist and to give these factors every sort of rankings requires a ordinary bit of perspiration on the part of the researcher. This audition will taste to evaluate this eclectic mix of commentaries to sift out the strong arguments from the weak.In 1598, when Juan de Oate arrived in northern New Mexico with a subtle group of colonists to Pueblo country, Spain demanded payment of tri merelye and the friars demanded allegiance of religion. For over 80 years Spanish lived with Pueblo in front the revolt multiple generations.2 As Knaut points out, that as colonists were isolate from the south in a land where indigenous inhabitants numbered in the tens of thousands, heart and soul there was plenty of contact between the two groups.3 Within that time families intermarried, and a large mestizo population arose, creating an intersection in the Venn diagram of archean New Mexico. What Knaut argues in Acculturation and Miscegenation is not of neces sity as hard as the others to prove who or what caused the revolt, but sort of works in earnest to present what he sees as the intro of a mixed culture, with syncretism occurring on both sides. Perhaps in this essay more questions that concludes are created why after 82 years of victuals together would the Pueblos revolt? pull together has a more direct answer to this question. He, unlike Knaut, does not spend as much time underlining the syncretism that occurs, but spends more time examining the relationship between Pueblo and Franciscan, and reigning in the peradventure unfair harshness of previous works in relation to the government. pile up believed that drought, dearth and Apache raids caused the revolt, shedding the competing notions that religious incompatibility or having a sufficient loss leader as primary causes.4The two arguments in the proceeding articles before gain that religion was the primary cause fall flat from Garners lens. In one instance, he cites th e friction between get Isidro Ordonez and regulator Pedro de Peralta as a result of the governments unfair treatment of the Indian. Peralta at last decides to pay off Ordonez arrested, but the colonists (or ecomenderos) proceed to abandon the governor.5 Garner goes on that governors of early New Mexico are interpreted in a negative swooning primarily because documents are strongly biased against them.6 He explains that the reason that these documents are so biased is because of the natural tension between the writers of these records, the Franciscans, and those whom they wrote about, the governors.7 Garner continues to expunge that the Franciscans were the friend to the Indian and foe to the governor. He cites Scholes who states, the religious and economic motives of conglomerate were antagonistic if not essentially incompatible.Having earlier established a different relationship structure than what was typically seen, (a shift from the Hispanic-Pueblo dichotomy to a more comp lex relationship of priest-Indian-mestizo-colonist-governor) Garner then moves on to the crux of the rationalize the cause of the revolt. The kind of peace that had been pervading New Mexico was contingent upon relative advantagefulness, writes Garner. The Spanish had used their organizational skills to create surpluses in the Pueblo economy but the famine of 1670 was so implacable it essentially collapsed the system. The drought of the 1660s the precursor to the famine was so severe it caused Indians and Spanish alike to eat hides and straps, as written by Fray Francisco de Ayeta in an account to the King.In the face of such an oppressive environment, Indians naturally began to question why Spanish controlled their food source. This, coupled with a sweet emphasis on nativism, turned up the heat and brought the already tense situation to a simmer. This movement towards nativism perhaps may have been a reaction to Indian culture sprouting up in both mestizo and Spanish life. Garner continues on this thread noting that Governor Lopez de Mendizabal was forced to crack down on Pueblo religious and cultural activity. term syncretism among the Pueblos was tolerable, among the Spanish it was viewed as inexcusable. These two factors were the foci of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.8In contrast, the setting that Bowden and Gutirrez commence to construct in their essays is a religious clash, one that, while not noticeable immediately, was exacerbated by the droughts and famine. After introducing the essay, Bowden then discusses the similarities of the Pueblo religion, and then highlights some of the missteps the Franciscans took in their interactions and, most of all, the conversion process. First they insisted that the Pueblos should learn Spanish, and almost without exception, failed to make any attempt to learn native language. Also, they instituted mandatory mass attendance for all Indians but strangely not all Spaniards. On top of this, leadership who continu ed practicing the previous traditions were whipped or executed.9 (27-28)Bowden raises a number of valid points the Franciscans do not appear to be the same persons that protested against the injustices to the Pueblos by the Governor Peralta. Rather, they come along to be creators of an oppressive environment that was quite insensitive to the Pueblo people. However, if you note Bowdens sources, he cites textbooks for his long diatribe. Garner, in contrast, relies heavier on topic specific articles written by respected names such as France V. Scholes and Jack D. Forbes. duration Bowdens sources are legitimate, he seems to be using information that is more generalized, and not as focused on the relevant issues.Gutirrez points to loss of government agency among the Franciscans as the central reason for the revolt.10 He notes that this gradual loss of billet began in 1640s. Because of the uncertainty and unease that followed, the Friars pushed for more drastic measure to residuum o ut this loss of power a crackdown on syncretism and an emphasis on martyrdom.But the connections that Gutirrez makes are weak he points to the loss of power in the 1640s, but does not cite any kind of ex large to take hold his point until 1655.11 In addition, most of examples of this loss of authority do not come until the mid 1660s and the early 1670s in the midst of drought, quarreling among Spaniards and attacks by Athapascan raiders. And Gutirrez examples of Franciscan brutality arise, interestingly enough, around the time that Garner points to heavy pass on response by the Spanish to combat syncretism. Gutirrez illustrations seem to support Garners judgement of the Indians being like children in a new world and entrapped in the struggle between the Franciscans and Hispanic community.12Anglico Chvez provides yet another(prenominal) take on the Pueblo Revolt. tour Gutirrez, Garner and Bowden all spend abundant time on relations, Chvez as his title Poh-yemos Representative and the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 puts much more emphasis on establishing a new leader as a primary cause of the Pueblo revolt. Chvez seems to avoid tackling the revolt foursquare (like Knaut) partly because he devotes most of his time financial support his argument for Domingo Naranjo as the leader (arguably 21 of the 24 pages).Despite Chvez lengthy narrative supporting Domingo Naranjo, the black leader with yellow eyes, many scholars reject this notion, because it seems to runs counter to what most sources suggest. Historian Stefanie Beninato agrees that Naranjo was a leader, but one of several as the model of a single leader is not viable in the theocratic social structure of the Pueblo world.13 Garner too, while recognizing Pop as instrumental, rejects the idea that he was a unique Indian leader, but rather he arose out of necessity, as opposed to the creation of necessity.14 While, many critique Chvez odd interpretation, it reminds one to reexamine the mestizo and mulatto popu lation in New Mexico. Naranjo, satisfying or not, represents the truth that the black/white Pueblo/Hispanic definition was more and more blurred in the years leading up to the revolt, and an entirely different culture had emerged. Poh-yemo had multiple windows into this culture of multiplicity.Garners essay seems to be built around the most logic because his essay points to lack of canonical necessities as the true cause of the revolt. When there is enough food and prosperity people get along. When there is a shortage, it pushes groups to exceptional measures. Rarely has a revolt occurred without certain factors mitigating access to peoples basic needs. Garner also spends ample time with the battle itself, and provides plenty of evidence of to why it was a success particularly because of the cultural coexistence with the Spanish.Garner is not without flaw he fails to address certain issues, notably that of the presence of a larger mestizo culture. While he acknowledges it somewh at, he seems more preoccupied with the Franciscan-ecomedero versus government dynamic. This oversight, however excusable, provides intimately reason for holding onto multiple sources while dissecting historical events such as these. In the absence of primary documents, the importance of rigorous scholarship is specially crucial. To hold the works of these curious scholars together stresses the value for careful position and due diligence.

Father-Daughter Conflicts in Shakespeare’s Plays Essay

William Shakespeare is a dramatist and poet with no need of introduction. He has written several of the most trem ratiocinationous and well-received plays in the history of literary writing. With so much reflection think on his works and writings, little is said about Shakespeares in the flesh(predicate) life. It has been gener altogethery accepted so far that Shakespeare himself had two girls and one son. Shakespeare placed prominent value in the ability of his offspring to immortalize his own cite and to uphold the dignity of his family (Bevington 193). However, his hopes were non to be carried out with Hamnet, his precisely son.With Hamnets early death, Shakespeare was left to look to his girlfriends for the propagation of the respect imputable his family appellation (Bevington 193). This close kindred with his misss may have played a part in the establishment of many draw- fille remainders in his plays. This paper lead further inspect several plays written by Shakespeare with particular revolve around on on the initiate- girlfriend births displayed in the texts to be studied. Five plays have been chosen for this remove The merchandiser of Venice, A summer solstice Nights aspiration, Romeo and Juliet, major power Lear, and Othello.The elements of the stick- young lady affinity in each play depart be discussed individually. By the end of this paper, it will have been shown that Shakespeare uses founding stick- little girl conflict both as a spell device and as a promoter of reflecting views regarding father-lady friend relationships. Where there is a conflict between father and girl, the bow invariably revolves around the little girls pulling a stylus from her father. Thus, it can be seen that through the girls falling in love and the fathers choice of an apotheosis mate, there is a strain between father and young woman.The struggle to deliver an eye on power over daughters causes fathers to hold indomitably to thei r decisions, leading daughters to resort to other means to accomplish their own desires. A Midsummer Nights conceive of In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Egeus demands that his daughter Hermia marry Demetrius when in truth it is Lysander whom she loves (Shakespeare 6). This causes the rift between the father and the daughter. A sovereign theme in the play is thus the fathers cantankerous belief that his word is law over his daughters affairs. Because of Egeus misadvise belief Hermia is forced to resort to her won measures in attaining the love she professes. smith discusses that the conflict between the father and the daughter in this play serves to play up the need for Hermia to establish her own character in order to exhaust herself of the dictates of the authorities in her life. It should also be noted that the play reflects the authority of women. Egeus gives no reason why Hermia should follow his wishes apart from the fact that he is her father and he is the uncreated male authority in her life. Hermia gets her way and her own will is upheld against that of her fathers. However, this does not clearly show the force-out of the woman to decide for herself.If nothing else, the play save serves to put the menstruum across that the womans opinion is of import as well as the mans. It is the duke, Theseus, who overrides the will of Egeus and validates Hermias love for Lysander (Shakespeare 152). Thus, it is the will of a man of greater authority from which Hermia derives her liberty to act as she would. In this particular play it can be seen that the conflict between father and daughter serves more(prenominal) to move the fleck forward than to speak of the existent interaction between the two.Egeus stubbornness gives insight into the latter but serves more as a blocking mechanism for Hermias story to explain (Bevington 193). The refusal of Egeus to have Hermia wed Lysander served to birth the entire story. This shows how Shakespeare used the relation ship between the father and daughter as a plot device. It is true that Shakespeare uttered through the scenes how Hermia needed to break free from her fathers authority in order to accomplish her own ambitions. However, Hermia inevitably found such(prenominal) freedom only through some other man clothed with a greater power than her father but to whom they both were subject.Thus, the intricacies of the father-daughter relationship though touched on, were not fleshed out. It served a greater purpose as a literary device. Romeo and Juliet Another clear illustration of the utility of the father-daughter relationship as a plot device is the relationship of Juliet with her father. The feud between the Capulets and Montagues was an familial rivalry unwaveringly advocated by Juliets father. Lord Capulet, Juliets father, serves as a literary plot device designed to give an parapet to the b wrongoming love of Romeo and Juliet (Bevington 193).In this regard, Romeo and Juliet is much like A Midsummer Nights Dream. Lord Capulet also serves as the authority direct over Juliets life and her decisions. Thus, Juliet and Romeo have to overcome the restrictions set by Lord Capulet Upon finding her own voice, Juliet is able to overcome the prohibitions of her father against her desiring a Montague. Juliet thus matures and finds that there is no sin in a name and Romeos name does not make him her enemy. This reflects how Juliet is pulling away not only from her fathers rules but unconstipated from her familys custom in order to blaze a path for herself and her love.Unlike in Hermia and Lysanders story, the greater authority figure does not arrive to find a peaceful reconciliation of the conflicts rather the arrival of the Prince and his judgment of dismiss for Romeo starts the unstoppable turn of events leading to the demise of the two lovers. It is only upon comprehend his daughter dead and hearing of the monument that the Montagues have decided to set up for Juliet tha t Lord Capulet decides to accept this love that his daughter has found by construct a monument for Romeo as well (Shakespeare 239).Given however that even this last act of acceptance is fueled by rivalry, it can be shown that there was no real reconciliation between father and daughter and the strain between them a mere tool for the developing of the plot. The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice, Bevington insists that the father-daughter conflict is yet another simple plot device (Bevington 193). However, in this play there are more plain reflections of the daughters pulling away from her father. The character in focus herein is Jessica, the daughter of shylock the merchant.It should be noted that one of the vehementest themes in this text is the religious battle between Jews and Christians. Shylock himself is a steady advocate for Judaism, as is shown in a deed of his bills as he mocks and argues with Christian philosophy. It is therefore a devastating blow when J essica falls in love with a Christian. She professes, although not to her fathers face, that she is willing to wrick a Christian in order to become Lorenzos wife Alack, what heinous sin is it in me To be ashamed to be my fathers child just now though I am a daughter to his blood,I am not to his manners. O Lorenzo, If thou keep promise I shall end this strife, Become a Christian and thy agreeable wife. (Shakespeare 61). This shows how willing Jessica is to sever her ties with her father and pursue her own shopping malls will. Considering the importance that Shylock places on his morality, Jessicas defiance of her inherited religion is much the same as Juliets repulsion of her familys rivalry. When Jessica at long last succeeds in running away with Lorenzo, the importance that Shylock places in her worthy as a daughter is revealed.Shakespeare reflects the basis of the strong paternal possessiveness My daughter O, my ducats O, my daughter Fled with a Christian O, my Christian ducats Justice The law My ducats and my daughter A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats (p. 81) Smith interprets these lines in the circumstance of Jewish tradition regarding the role of daughters in the continuation of family lineage. It is explained that in Jewish tradition families are matriarchal by nature thus the family line is passed down through the female line (Smith).Jessica being an only daughter, Shylocks security in his lineage depended on her acquiring a suitable husband. The cries of Shylock connecting his money with Jessica reflect how he viewed her as another instrument for the attainment of his success. This theme hits quite close to the personal views and fix of family affairs that Shakespeare himself was subject to at the time. Othello Othello on the other hand presents a more distinct portrait of the tension between father and daughter. thus far Bevington (pp. 193-194) admits to the different quality of father-daughter relationship that is made manifest in t his text. here(predicate) the conflict is more than a simple plot device utilized to move the story forward. Much like in The Merchant of Venice, the theme of the story touches on the role of wedding party in the life of a family. In the former play, marriage was a means of joining unneurotic people while those who were not married became isolated and desolate. In Othello, marriage again serves as a divider between father and daughter as Desdemona elopes with the protagonist, Othello. Their elopement causes much hurt to her father, Barbantio who feels that he has been deceived by his daughter (Bevington 194).In an attempt to maintain his authority over his daughter he asks of her to whom she owes her homage but is devastated by her answer I am hitherto your daughter. But heres my husband, And so much duty as my get showed To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor my lord (Shakespeare 41). This shows how upon marrying, the daughter ceases to hold primary loyalty towards her father and his house and moves toward the household of her groom. The pain that Barbantio manifests is thus not only a result of the elopement of Desdemona but more so of his feelings of loss of his progeny.This play therefore serves to show more vividly the change in relationship that occurs between a father and his daughter as the daughter marries. Even though reason is planted in the wisdom of Desdemona, the possessiveness of fathers as a result of the many years of ceremonial over and defend their daughters is a force to be reckoned. The desire to bind unto themselves their daughters is so strong that fathers brashly discount the bind of the matrimonial tie between their daughter and another man. tabby Lear The sense of entitlement to the loyalty and love of a daughter are best demonstrated in Shakespeares nance Lear.In this play King Lear tests his three daughters in order to assess whether or not they deserve to get their share of the inheritance of his kingdom. Because of their desire to gain, Goneril and Regan outbid each other in professing their love for the King. However, the third daughter, Cordelia, professes that she loves the King as she is under obligation to do so but will reserve some of her love for her future husband (Shakespeare 36). This outrages the King and he refuses her the portion of the inheritance allotted to her, believing her to be an ungrateful daughter.It is revealed however that Goneril and Regan are the ungrateful ones as they soon plot to overthrow their father and appropriate for themselves his rule. King Lears desire to possess the entirety of his daughters wagon and their dedication is not without reason. His use of the word ungrateful reflects how he sees his relationship with his daughters. He has invested much into their relationship both in terms of square and emotional store. He therefore expects to reap what he has sown into all three daughters. The King has reached old age, an age wherein it is only fitting that he be cared for by others.As most parents who reach this age feel, the King imagined that the years he had spent taking care of his daughters should be repaid through service to him at his infirm age. However, Cordelia spoke wisely when she pointed out that her heart should be allowed the freedom to serve other men aside from her father. The row of Desdemona ring true herein as well. A wife should front be loyal to her husband before serving her father. Although a daughter is obligated to show respect and gratitude to her parents through her service to them, she is also allowed to dwell the freedom of a life apart from her parents.Should a parent command a child such liberalities, then the entire essence of watching such a child grow and mature should have been for naught. mop up The five plays reviewed herein serve to show the importance that the father-daughter relationship held for Shakespeare. The relationship was one so strong that instabilities in the same justified the evolution of complete stories based on singular notions. There is no dubiousness that the conflict between a father and daughter is a strong plot device which was utilized by Shakespeare in a number of his plays.The result gave rise to some of the best works written by Shakespeare, including the popular Romeo and Juliet. The conflict may take the form of a daughters moving away from the den of a father or from a fathers overzealous attempts to keep a daughters love. The former has been shown in Shakespeares plays through several acts. It may be a simple disobedience to a fathers will. Sometimes it may take the form of invariance to the beliefs and traditions held by the father. However, it is seen that Shakespeare repeatedly uses the escape of marriage and love to dishonor the father.It has also been shown though that fathers themselves may desire unreasonably the regard of their daughter. In King Lear most especially has this desire been shown to be impractical as the daughter who was punished had committed no act of disobedience to her father. In the respective(a) plays it can thus be seen that the underlying theme in father-daughter conflicts is the daughters desire to break free from the authority of her father. This act of dissolution allows for the daughters ability to decide for herself what is best and what is desirable.Along with the freedom that the separation gives the daughter however is the anxiety that it visits upon the father. The daughter to some is the only means of ensuring family lineage and to most the daughter is the gem that has been protected for so long and should be given away only to the most worthy. The fracture away of the daughter from the fathers authority therefore leads to peril and feelings of loss from the side of the parent. It is this sense of loss which causes the strife between father and daughter, particularly so as the father continues to cling to the power he holds over his daughter.It is this pattern of removal from the fathers fold that is repeatedly shown in Shakespeares themes. Works Cited Bevington, David. Shakespeare The Seven Ages of Human Experience (2nd ed. ). MA Blackwell Publishers, 2005. 1. Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Nights Dream. emended by Mowat, Barbara A. and capital of Minnesota Werstine. NY majuscule Square Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Edited by Mowat, Barbara A. and Paul Werstine. NY Washington Square Press, 1992. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Edited by Mowat, Barbara A. and Paul Werstine. NY Washington Square Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet.Edited by Mowat, Barbara A. and Paul Werstine. NY Washington Square Press, 1992. Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Edited by Mowat, Barbara A. and Paul Werstine. NY Washington Square Press, 1992. Smith, J. N.. GradeSaver Midsummer Nights Dream knowledge Guide. www. gradesaver. com. 11 May 2008. GradeSaver. 11 May 2008 . Smith, J. N.. GradeSaver Merchant of Venice Study Guide. www. gradesaver. com. 11 May 2008. GradeSaver. 11 May 2008 .

Succubus Shadows Chapter 10

I woke to blackness. Blackness and suffocation.I was in a atomic room, a box re tout ensemble(a)y, crammed in so tightly that my arms disguised round me and my knees were worn to my chest. Weirdly, my limbs c wholly formed kindredwise long. My intact frame did, actually. My dead body changed all the period with shape-shifting, nonwithstanding this wasnt what Id been wearing with Roman. This was different. For a minute, that horrible space seemed to besotted in rough me. I couldnt breathe. With great effort, I tried to cool my egotism d accept. on that point was enough air. I could breathe. And even if I couldnt commit, it wouldnt buzz off mattered. The guardianship of suffocation was a human instinct.Where was I? I didnt remember boththing afterward the bedroom. I recalled the light and the music and Roman bursting in too late. Id mat up his power build up, akin he was slightly(predicate) to take action, al whizz I hadnt seen the conclusion. And now, here I was.Before my look, two identical lu exploitscent forms suddenly appe bed, like torches being lit in the darkness. They were tall and thin, with testa mentowy, androgynous features. Black cloth wrapped around their bodies, seeming to glow with a light of its own, and long black hair flowed from their heads, bl residueing in and losing itself in the cloth. Their eyes were a startling radioactive blue, too blue for any human, and seemed to bug out of those long, pale sees that were neither male nor female.It was weird too because it was like they stood before me in a large room, as though they were ten or so feet a management from me. Yet, I was still crammed into the restrain of my box and its unseen walls, unvarnishedly able to move. Aside from them, everything else was pure, unfathomable blackness. I couldnt even see my own body or any other features of the room. My brain couldnt get a grip on this spatial hypocrisy. It was all too surreal.Who are you? I demanded. What am I doing here? I saw no point in wasting time.The duo didnt att end to right a centering. Their eyes were cold and unreadable, nevertheless I saw a bit of smugness in their lips.Our succuba, atomic number 53 tell. His my brain decided to assign them a gender voice was low and raspy, with a lisp that reminded me of a snake. Our succubus at destruction.Harder to catch than we thought, added the other, voice identical. We thought you would have succumbed long ago.Who are you? I repeated, anger kindling. I squirmed in a futile taste at escape. My confines were so tight that I didnt even have the space to beat my fists all over against the nonexistent walls.Mother will be pleased, the prototypal one said.Very pleased, confirmed the other.The way they alternated phrases reminded me of how Grace Jeromes former de identifyy sheriff demoness and Mei used to interact. That had had a charming, mode browsely creepy The Shining liveliness to it. Thisthis was just aboutthing else. S omething terrible and icy, burning my senses like nails on a chalkboard.Mother will reward us, the first said. I decided to call them genius and 2 for the ease of mental processing. She will reward us when she is free, when she escapes the angels.Whos your draw? I asked. A troubling suspicion was beginning to form.We will avenge her until she wad do it herself, said Two. You will suffer for betraying her.Nyx, I murmured. Nyx is your mother. And youreyoure Oneroi.They said nonhing, which I took as affirmation. My head reeled. Oneroi? How had this happened? Oneroi were a type of dream demon scarce not demons like the ones I interacted with. Heaven and Hell were forces in the universe, merely in that respect were others, others that mingled with and often ran parallel to the system I existed in. Nyx was one very much(prenominal) force, an entity of chaos from the beginning of time, when the instauration had been created from disorder.And the Oneroi were her children.I knew a few things about them but had never seen them or ever expected to. They visited dreams, feeding on them. Nyx had do this too, but the manner had been a little different. She had manipulated people into see the future in their dreams a twisted version that didnt unfold the way the dreamer expected. It had led to crazy actions that spawned chaos in the human being, allowing her to grow stronger. Shed likewise fed on my energy directly, taking it in its purest form and distracting me with dreams of my own. provided Oneroi fed on the dreams themselves, deriving their power from the emotions and realities fueled by the dreamer. My intellectual was that they also had the power to manipulate dreams but rarely had reason to. existence provided plenty of hopes, dreams, and fears on their own. They needed no outside(a) help.That was the extent of my Oneroi knowledge, but it was enough. Feeling even a little informed about the g everywherenment agency empowered me. Thats what thi s is about? You took me because of Nyx? I wasnt the one who caught her. The angels did.You helped them, said One. Led them to her.And thence refused to save her, added Two.With a pang, I remembered that horrible night, when Carter and his cronies had recaptured Nyx after her devastating bash in Seattle. An angel had died that night. Another had fallen. And Nyx had promised to show me a future and family with a man I could have a go at it, if only I would utilise her the rest of my energy and let her break free.She was lying, I said. She was severe to make a weed when she had nothing to offer.Mother always shows the true statement, said One. Dreams can be lies, but truth is truth.I decided pointing out the redundancy of that statement was useless. Well, Im certain(p) shell appreciate the Mothers Day gift, but youre wasting your time. Jerome will come for me. My archdemon. He wont let me stay here.He wont find you, said Two. This time, I could unimpeachably see smugness. He cant find you. You no longer exist for him.Youre wrong, I replied, with a bit of my own smugness. thithers no place in this world you can take me where he cant find me. That was, of course, assuming they hadnt managed to cut across my undying aura. To my knowledge, only greater immortals could do that. I wasnt sure where Oneroi fell in.One actually make a faced. It was not attractive. You arent in the world. Not the mortal world. This is the dream world.Youre one of many dreams, Two said. One dream among all the dreams of humanity. Your essence is here. Your soul. befogged in a sea of countless others.My fear stopped me from whirl commentary on his sudden shift into metaphor. The metaphysics of the universe and its layers and creation were beyond me. Even if somebody had explained them to me, it was something past the comprehension of a mortal, lesser immortal, or any other being who was made-not-born. I had enough understanding, though, to recognize some truth in their words. Ther e was a world of dreams, a world without form with n primordial as much power as the visible one I lived in. Was it possible to trap my essence in it and hide me from Jerome? I was unsure enough that I couldnt write it off.So, what? I asked, attempting pride but mostly sounding as uneasy as I felt. Youll just forbid me in this mime box and feel rectify about yourselves?No, said One. Youre in the world of dreams. You will dream.The world fade out again.It was my wedding day.I was fifteen years old, jailbait in the twenty-first snow but more than old enough to be a wife in fourth-century Cyprus. And more than tall enough too. The Oneroi had sent me into a reposition or a dream of a memory or something like that. It was a lot like the dreams Nyx had put me in. I was watching myself like a movieyet at the same time, I was in myself, experiencing everything quite naturally.It was a disorienting feeling, made worse by the feature that I had never compulsioned to see my human se lf again. sell my soul had come with obvious downsides, but there had been perks too the dexterity to shape-shift and never again have to wear the body that had committed such grievous sins in my mortal life.Yet, there I was, and I was otiose to look outside. It was like being in A Clockwork Orange. My younger self had been about five feet ten inches tall by todays standards and a teras of a woman in an era where people had been shorter. When dancing, Id been able to put that long body and all those limbs to good use, moving gracefully and effortlessly. In everyday life, though, Id always been fussfully conscious of my height, feeling awkward and unnatural. eucharist my old self walk now, from the outside, I was astoni roll to see I didnt appear as clumsy as Id always believed. That didnt negate the revulsion I felt at seeing the thick, waist-long black hair or passably pretty face. Still, it was kind of a surprise to watch ingenuousness (if this was reality) and memory me shed.It was just after dawn, and I was carrying a large amphora of crude out to a storage house beyond my familys home. My steps were light, minute not to spill any of it, and I again marveled at the way I moved. I set the vessel down beside others inside the shed and started to head back toward the house. Id barely taken two steps outside when Kyriakos, my husband-to-be, appeared. There was a covert expression on his face, one that instantaneously told me he had sneaked over here to find me and knew perfectly soundly that he shouldnt have. It was an uncharacteristically bold move for him, and I chastised him for the indiscretion.What are you doing? Youre going to see me this afternoonand then every day after thatI had to give you these before the wedding. He held up a string of wooden beads, vitiated and perfectly formed with tiny ankhs engraved on them. They were my mothers. I want you to have them, to wear them today.He leaned forward, placing the beads around my neck. As hi s fingers b pelt along my skin, I felt something warm and tingly run finished my body. At the play age of fifteen, I hadnt exactly understood such sensations, though I was eager to explore them. My wiser self today recognized them as the early stirrings of lust, and come up, there had been something else there too. Something else that I still didnt quite comprehend. An electric connection, a feeling that we were bound into something bigger than ourselves. That our being together was inevitable.There, he said, at a time the beads were secure and my hair brushed back into place. Perfect. He said nothing else after that. He didnt need to. His eyes told me all I needed to know, and I shivered. Until Kyriakos, no man had ever given me a second glance. I was Marthanes too-tall daughter after all, the one with the sharp expectoration who didnt hypothesise before speaking. But Kyriakos had always listened to me and watched me like I was someone more, someone tempting and desirable, li ke the beautiful priestesses of Aphrodite who still carried on their rituals away from the Christian priests.I wanted him to touch me then, not realizing just how much until I caught his fall out suddenly and unexpectedly. Taking it, I placed it around my waist and pull outed him to me. His eyes widened in surprise but he didnt pull back. We were almost the same height, making it easy for his mouth to seek mine out in a withering kiss. I leaned against the warm oppose wall behind me so that I was pressed in the midst of it and him. I could feel every surgical incision of his body against mine, but we still werent miserly enough. Not nearly enough.Our kissing grew more ardent, as though our lips wholly might close whatever aching distance lay between us. I moved his reach again, this time to push up my band along the side of one leg. His hand stroked the smooth flesh there and, without further urging, slid over to my inner thigh. I arched my lower body toward his, nearly wr ithing against him now, needing him to touch me everywhere.Letha? Where are you at?My sisters voice carried over the wind she wasnt nearby but could no doubt show up if she sought me. Kyriakos and I broke apart, both gasping, pulses racing. He was looking at me like hed never seen me before. Heat burned in his inspect.Have you ever been with anyone before? he asked wonderingly.I shook my head.How did youI never imagined you doing thatI learn fast.We stood there, locked in time for a moment. Then, he pulled me back to him, his lips crushing mine once more. His hand re moody to my dress, hiking it up over my waist. He held my bare hips firmly and pressed himself to my body. I felt him hard against me, felt my body respond to something that seemed both new and natural at the same time. The fingers of one hand slid over, feeling the wetness between my thighs. His touch felt like squeeze out, and I moaned, wanting him to stroke me there more and more.Instead, he cancelled me around so that I faced the wall. With one hand, he kept the bound of my dress up, and with his other, I had the vague impression of him fumbling with his wearing apparel. Then, a moment later, he pushed himself into me. It was a shock, like nothing Id experienced before. Id meant what Id said to begin with that Id never been with another man. And even wet with desire, it still hurt to have him inside me that first time. He seemed too big and me too wee.I cried out at the pain, an odd sort of pain that didnt diminish the fire that had been create indoors me. His thrusts were hard and urgent, no doubt fueled by feelings hed long been holding back on. And after a while, the initial pain seemed irrelevant. Pleasure began to grow as he moved into me over and over, and I adjusted myself so that I bent over more and let him take me more deeply. He thrust more forcefully, and I again exclaimed in surprise and blissful pain. I heard a dumb groan, and then his body shuddered as he spent himself , his movements at last slowing down.When he was done, he pulled out and turned me around. It was the first time Id seen him naked in all of this. There was blood and semen on both of us, which I tried to clean off my thighs before in conclusion just letting my dress fall back over me. Id be bathing before the wedding anyway.Kyriakos had just finished putting his enclothe back on when we heard my name again. This time, it was my mother. He and I stared at each other in wonder, scarcely believing wed just done what we had. I was aglow with love and the joy of sex and a whole host of new feelings I wanted to explore in more detail. Fear of my mother drove us apart.Stepping back, he grinned and pressed my hand to his lips. Tonight, he breathed. Tonight weTonight, I agreed. Well do it again. I love you.He smiled at me, eyes smoldering, and then hurried off before we were caught. I watched him go, my heart filled with joy.The rest of the day went by in a dreamy haze, partially because of the flurry of wedding activity and partially because of what had happened with Kyriakos. Id had a vague idea of what would occur on our wedding night, but my imaginings had never come close to the real thing. I practically danced my way through the rest of the day, impatient to truly be Kyriakos wife and make love again and again.The wedding was taking place at our home, so there was enough work (along with my own preparation) to almost keep me distracted. As the eucharist time grew nearer, I was bathed and dressed in my wedding gown an ivory tunic of fine material, wrapped with a flame-red veil. I had to kneel a little for my mother to adequately adjust the veil, earning a number of jokes about my height from my sister.It didnt matter. Nothing mattered except me and Kyriakos being together forever. Soon, guests began arriving, and my heart rate increased. Anticipation and the days heat made me sweat, and I fretted about ruination the dress.Someone called out that Kyriakos and his family were approaching. The excitement in the air grew palpable, shared by everyone now. Yet, when Kyriakos arrived, he barged right into the house, going against the traditional procession and stately ceremony that should have taken place. For half a second, some girlish part of me thought that Kyriakos in his burning love for me couldnt wait through the drawn out process of a ceremony. I was quickly enlightened.With a face flushed with fury, he marched up to my pay back. Marthanes, Kyriakos growled, finger in my fathers face. You insult me if you think Im going through with this wedding.My father was clearly taken aback not an easy thing to accomplish. People chastised me for my sharp mother tongue, but that was largely because I was a woman. I wasnt half as bad as my father, and hed intimidate a lot of men twice his size. (It was a sad ridicule that while I was tall for a woman, my father was short for a man.) A few moments later, my father recovered his usual bluste r.Of course you are he exclaimed. Weve made the betrothal. We paid the dowry.Kyriakos father was there, and judging from his fine clothes and surprised expression, this was all news to him too. He set a hand on his sons shoulder. Kyriakos, whats this all about?Her, said Kyriakos, pointing his finger at me. His gaze swung to my face, and I flinched from its force, as though Id been slapped. I will not attach Marthanes whore of a daughterThere were gasps and murmurs from those around us. My fathers face turned bright red. Youre insulting me All of my daughters are chaste. Theyre all virgins.Are they? Kyriakos turned back to me. Are you?All eyes turned to me, and I blanched. My tongue felt dry. I couldnt muster any words.My father threw up his hands, clearly exasperated by this nonsense. Tell them, Letha. Tell them so that we can end this and get our dowry back.Kyriakos had a dangerous glint in his eyes as he studied me. Yes, tell them so that we can end this. Are you a virgin?No, but Chaos erupted. Men shouted. My mother wailed. The guests were a mix of stunned shock and delight over a new scandal. Desperately, I tried to find my voice and shout in a higher place the din.It was only with Kyriakos I cried. Today was the first timeKyriakos turned away from where hed been telling my father the dowry would not be returned. He glanced over at me. Its true, he said. We did it today. She spread herself as easily and knowingly as any whore, begging me to take her. Theres no telling how many men shes offered her body up to or how many she would even when married.No I exclaimed. Its not trueBut no one heard me. There was too much arguing now. Kyriakos family was raging over the insult. My family was bristling against the name-calling, and my father was hand overing his best to do damage control, though he knew perfectly well that my own admission had damned us. Premarital sex was not so out of the ordinary for lower classes, but as a tradesmans family, we imitate a lot of our customs on our betters among the nobility or affect to. A girls virtue was a sacred thing, one that reflected on her father and family as a whole. This disgraced all of them and had serious repercussions for me. As Kyriakos well knew.He had moved toward me so that I could hear him through the noise. right off they all know, he said in a low voice. They all know you for what you are.Its not true, I said through my tears. You know it isnt.No one will have you now, he continued. No one expenditure having. Youll spend the rest of your life on your back, spreading your legs for whoever comes along. And ultimately, youll be alone. No one will have you.I squeezed my eyes shut to try to stop the tears, and when I opened them again, I was surrounded in blackness.Well, not entirely in blackness.Before me, the Oneroi glowed more brightly than before, lit from within by that eerie light.An interesting dream, said Two, with what I think passed for a smile. One that gave us much t o feed on.Its not true, I said. There were tears on my cheeks in waking, just as there had been in sleep. That wasnt true. It was a lie. That wasnt how things happened.The dream was muddling my brain, almost making me question myself, but my own memories short won out. I remembered that day. I remembered kissing Kyriakos by the building and how wed then gone separate ways, strengthened by the knowledge that we would soon be man and wife, making our wedding night that much sweeter. And it had been. It hadnt been rushed against a wall. Wed taken time to learn and explore each others bodies. Hed been on top of me, staring into my eyes not my back. Hed told me I was his life. Hed told me I was his world.It was a lie, I repeated more firmly, fixing the Oneroi with a glare. Thats not how it happened. Thats not how it happened. I knew I was right, yet I felt the need to keep repeating it, to make sure the words were true.One gave a small shrug, unconcerned. It doesnt matter. I told you M other shows the truth. But dreams? Dreams are dreams. They can be truth or lies, and all provide food for us. And you? He smiled a smile that was the mirror of his twins. You will dreamand dreamand dream

Hamlet’s Delay Essay

In Shakespeares juncture, the main char numeraler continually bars acting come out his duty of avenging his dons murder. This essay will discuss how junctures record and virtuouss (which are intensified by difficult events) prevent him from carrying out the tax.In the opening scenes of the play, the Ghost of junctures late experience reveals to him the true substance by which male monarch small town died. The Ghost tells small town that Claudius pouring poison into his ear caused his fathers death. He exhorts small town to avenge the murder. hamlets initial response is to act on the Ghosts exhortation quickly. settlement says Haste me to knowt that I with wings as swiftMay sweep to my revenge, (Roberts, pg. 1370). to that degree by the end of the same scene, his reluctance to murder nance Claudius is evident. settlement says This time is out of joint, O cursed spite, that I was ever born(p) to set it right, (Roberts, pg. 1374).Hamlet is like a soldier that is thr own into a war where he has to do some things he kinda would revoke doing, but under the given circumstances he bites his teeth and carries himself swell up (Stratford, 128). In this war, the circumstances brought on by Claudiuss murdering of King Hamlet are Hamlets enemy. His dead father is the destroyed country, flagitious truth that leaves so much hatred and resentment in his heart. creation a loyal prince and son, and nonpareil whom entire kingdom respected, he should try revenge and bring justice back in the royal court. numerous theories have been put forward as to the reasons for Hamlets delay in avenging the King from hereon in. One theory suggests that Hamlet wished to determine the character of the Ghost before acting, for he says in Act II shooter 2 that The spirit I have seen may be a devil. However, even after the play within a play by means of which Hamlet has obtained his proof as to the nature of the Ghost and confirmed that Claudius is guilty, Hamlet says I ll take the Ghosts word for a megabyte pound, but fails to act and can only contemplate the event.Similarly, when Hamlet stumbles upon Claudius praying, he does not take theopportunity to kill the King, rather he makes excuses, reflection he does not want Claudius to go to heaven. However, this is little more than a delay tactic, and Hamlet in any case does not make any raise plans to kill the King, for we seem to be puzzled by it (if we were in the audience, the consentient scene would have lasted only moments, but as readers, we have the immunity to ponder closely it). At least so was Professor Dowden, to account one critic, who holds that Hamlet loses a sense of fact because he puts all event through his mind, filtering it until every deed seems to have an alternative in not doing the deed, but evaluating it even more (Bloom, pg. 66).In addition, Hamlet was a philosopher rather than a man of action, unlike Claudius and Laertes. He himself sees that one of his problems i s to presuppose too precisely on the event. He is intellectual and reflective, preferring to ponder rather than take action. Hamlet is very brave and impulsive Prince, but the fleck seems to prevent him from finding an external model or a transparent solution for conduct, so that he must depend more on thinking, and less on acting (Stratford, 105). He realizes that killing a King is a great crimeThe most plausible explanation is that Hamlets own nature and values continually hindered him from performing the task. Hamlet is a sensitive, introverted young man, who is naturally prone to melancholia. Coleridge and Goethe would agree with this, belongings that Hamlets soul is too philosophical and it lacks ability to instinctually act on impulse, and that he is too sensitive to avenge himself, (Grebanier, pg. 159). But if one only reads what goes on in the play, Hamlet could by no means be called too sensitive or passive. The Ghosts apocalypse and also the fact that his mother has remarried to King Claudius, intensify his already melancholy disposition. His mothers re trade union is an abomination in Hamlets eyes. This is because the marriage was soon after his fathers death King Hamlet was But three months dead.This shows little sensitivity to those who are grieving and also implies that their relationship was initiated before King Hamlet died. Secondly, the marriage was against canon law, which make it a sin. Hamlet says to his mother in Act III pictorial matter 4, Have you not eyes? You cannot call it love. O shame Where is thy flower? These successive shocksdeepen Hamlets depression. In Act II Scene 2 Hamlet says to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, I have of late broken all my mirth. He falls deeper and deeper into the slough of fruitless brooding. In his low gear soliloquy he says O that this too solid flesh would melt. Thus, the task is too onerous for the fragile, somber Hamlet.Hamlet also delays killing the King because he is unsure of the morality of carrying out such a task. This divisor is important, as Hamlet is a very idealistic and moralistic person. penalise was prohibited by ecclesiastical law, but the duty of personal love prevalent in Elizabethan times often won through. In the play, Hamlet debates the morality of revenge, saying that Isnt not perfect conscience and isnt not to be damned to let this canke of our nature come in further evil. At this stage it is clear that Hamlet is having serious doubts about killing the King.After all, to kill an anointed King, even in an act of revenge, was considered a serious offence. Furthermore, as Hamlet points out in the above quote, he would be carrying out the very act he was condemning. In addition, in regards to his mothers sin, the ghost had told Hamlet to leave her to heaven. This creates a moral dilemma for Hamlet because if it is Gods duty to deal with his grows sin, surely the same applies to Claudius.In conclusion, Hamlet delays in killing the King because of his own character he is a philosopher and is of a melancholic disposition. External events in the play do not contribute to Hamlets delay, but are rather used to Hamlets advantage as excuses to further delay avenging his fathers murder. flora CitedGrebanier, Bernard. The Heart of Hamlet, The Play Shakespeare Wrote. New YorkThomas Y. Crowell Company, 1960.Hamlet. Editor Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea menage Publishers, a division of MaineLine Book Co., 1990.Hamlet. Stratford-Upon-Avon Study. London Edward Arnold Ltd., 1963.Roberts, Edgar V. and Henry E. Jacobs. Literature An entering to Readingand Writing, (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall Inc., 2001),pgs. 1349-1451.

Related text to whose life is it anyway?

Related text to whose life Is it anyway? Power and the single What Ideas of power are represented In whose life Is It anyway and the tie in tested material you have chosen and how does the related text inter-group communication to the prescribe text? There are many Ideas and reasons why My Sisters shop steward and whose life is It anyway have similar relations to the power and the various(prenominal).For whizz the battle of individual rights, Both Anna and ken fight for their individual rights to their proboscis and life. Ken doesnt want to live anymore because he thinks there is no point as he cant do anything for himself and need nurse to help. Anna wants individual rights to her body because she doesnt want to be cut open and have needles stuck in her time after time if its not going to help her child and her sister wants Anna to win her rights so she can die because she is in a lot of pain and cant take it anymore.Another reason is Power of Law Ken wishes to die and due to his medical status he is ineffectual to secure this happen, the power of law Influences his situation as he asks he doctors manifold times to kill but due to the law they are unable to do this. Annas situation Is Influenced by the power of law as she Is a child & her parents are her legal guardians therefore giving them the power to muddle her decisions for her.She Is mature enough to make her own decisions but she is too young, she seeks to be medically released so she is able to have the choice. The power of natural readiness is also another reason Ken has no power of physical strength because he is a quadriplegic. Anna, as a child has slight physical strength than her parents, therefore their power is stronger.

Venus Figures

DC genus genus Venus Figures Venus figures stool been found In various places of the world, at different time periods. This implies that all cultures sh atomic number 18d a roughhewn belief or a common thought of wo manpower and their bodies. The Venus figures are most popularly known to represent fertility. These figurines were typically do from soft stone (estimate, calcite or limestone), bone, Ivory, wood, or ceramic clays. The salutary of individually Venus figurine from each time period shows how a common thought be shared across a continent or long periods of time.There are virtually thousands of Venus fullness. Typically, they were made from soft stone, bone, ivory, wood or ceramic clays. Venus figurines were built with large breasts, stomachs, and legs. They did not have a face, and tiny arms rested upon the breasts. On their heads, a woven-like exemplification is seen, possibly meaning their hair was braided or they were wearing a hat. They are sometimes described as l ozenge- shaped The Venus figurines are thought to symbolisationize worldly concerny different things. The most popular root word the figurines are thought to represent in fertility.Tying in with that, It is thought to shown the stages of a womans life pubescence, pregnancy, childbirth, and the obesity of later life. Other theories are that they were religious symbols, wind symbols for men, or even self-portraits of women taken from a distorted perspective. Socially, women were not ascendent for centuries. Women have usually been viewed as a symbol of sex, trophies, or house-keepers in a sense. The Venus figures are arguably sex symbols. They depict womens fertility. With this, it is inferable that they were looked up to, but inferior.Women were attainable things that had no power over a man and his masculinity. When looking at the Venus figures, we can analyze them to assume that men wanted women and wanted many of them, because they saw them as Just figures. Venus figures were made by people across Eurasia. They were made In the prehistoric period and are most commonly believed to be a symbol of fertility. They were made from bone, ivory, soft stone, wood, or ceramic slays. They typically homelike a womans fertility and her lifetime.

Sample Media Interview Q&a

Sample Media Interview Q&A Internal Question & Answer (Q&A) documents be often developed to progress to media spokespersons for interviews and include tougher questions than FAQs. Internal Q&As also include areas of vulnerability (e. g. who is to commit and could the medical response have been quicker? ) Use the sample Q&As below as a guide to create your own during a crisis event. Q What happened? (Examples How many people were injured or killed? How much property price occurred? ) A At around XXXX, an sequent was reported at (location).The expound at this point are unk right offn, however we are functional very closely with topical anaesthetic emergency response agencies to en sure that the synthetic rubber of the surrounding community remains the number one priority. Q Was this a terrorist incident? A An investigating is taking place and we go forth update you with elaborate from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, however, our greatest concern is for th e benefit of the victims and their families. Q When did it happen? A Early reports indicate that the incident happened at approximately XXXX. Q Who is to blame? A The details at this point are unknown.An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, our main focus is on legal transfer efforts and on the well-being of the victims and their families. Q Has this ever happened before? A I will be happy to research that and get back to you, right now we are focused on the incident at hand, and on make sure that members of the surrounding community are safe. Q Who was involved? A In order to protect the privacy of those involved, we are withholding the release of victims name calling pending notification of family members. Q Why did it happen?What was the cause? A Those details will be investigated. Right now our primary concern is for the offbeat of the victims and their families. Q Will there be inconvenience to the public? A That teaching will become available once the damage is assessed by local emergency response agencies. If we gather future information, we will be sure to pass it on. Q When will we find out more? A Our company, along with our local emergency response agencies, will be providing updates throughout the day. We push you to check our website at www. xxxxxx. com for up-to-the-minute information.

Case Analysis of Andrea Yates

Nathan Merrill XXJUN2012 PS208 Case Analysis of Andrea Yates After close retread and c atomic number 18ful analysis of the topic of Andrea Yates and the circumstances which led to the dr bearing death and shoot of her five children, I first would like to state my personalised whim on the finale of the case which was the majority consensus at the time of her running play and sentencing.She was guilty of a horrible murder and although certainly had amiable problems, which is patent by her actions that most completely rational thinking human organism and mother would be incapable of committing, and talentedly used an frenzy confession to lessen the sanctions that should tolerate and inevitably would have been brought upon her. The major dilemma in this entire case was not based upon whether Andrea Yates had or had not committed the crime of murder five times oer on her own flesh and blood or even so if she was psychicly sick.The defining air in this case is the interp retation by which we judge insanity and the scale of measurement by which we way the accuracy if someone convicted of a crime and pleads insanity was actually aw are that the crime they committed was a wrong doing. The interpretations are subject to base line analysis which has changed over time since its line on how we decide if a person is mentally capable of penetrative their actions and thus should be held responsible for those actions to the farthest extent of the law.Basically this case comes reduce to if Yates knew her actions were wrong and if she made the conscious conclusiveness to murder her children, which in my personal opinion is a resounding yes. I would not argue the concomitant that Yates is mentally ill scarce the this cased seemed to revolve around the particular of if she comes up with a good enough reason to commit much(prenominal) a horrible crime then it can appear that she frankly thought by her actions she was protecting her children. The circumsta nces based on officeeousness become confusing but could also be the result of a masterfully constructed defense.Granted, a life in a mental installation would be no walk in the park or even enjoyable but far less intrusive than death itself or a life in the general population of penitentiary living. My conclusion is that yes, Yates is sick, but I feel a strong possibility of her soul the wrongness of her actions to the anticipate of society but in her opinion acted in the greater good based on religiously psychotic feel of heaven and hell which was a foundation of making a decision to take her childrens lives while understanding it was wrong and should have been dealt with by a swifter and stronger hand of justness.My opinion aside this is the conclusion and information brought forrad by unbiased research as to the case and analysis of Yates. tho one of a twelve mental health experts who screen outified concluded that the Yates was legitimately sane when she drowned her five children in the family bathtub. The witness, called by prosecutors, was Park Dietz, a forensic psychiatrist and the prosecutors only mental health expert, Dietz and his attestation helped convict Yates. The article of faith later was overturned. When Yates is retried, much of the attention again was on Dietz, who is back on the prosecutions witness list.And now, there are questions about Dietzs conclusions in the Yates case because of his testimony in another(prenominal) trial involving a Texas mother who killed devil of her children. Questions have added intrigue to a case in which prosecutors initial decision to judge the death penalty ignited a national debate over how mental illness and postpartum depression are viewed in vicious courts. The Yates case now has become a symbol of the influence that expert witnesses hold in trials in our country each day, and a test of how psychiatrists opinions are used in court.The standards judges use in deciding whether to admit psyc hiatric opinions in court are less very(prenominal) than those used to allow testimony about scientific evidence that is more obviously measurable, such as DNA or fingerprints. George Parnham, who was Yates lead attorney, express the defense hopes to raise doubts about Dietzs analysis of Yates. The defense, Parnham state, was to focus on why Dietz found Yates to be sane and therefore legally responsible for her actions and also why he came to the opposite conclusion in 2004 in a similar case involving Deanna Laney, a Texas mother who killed two of her sons.Kaylynn Williford, who was a Harris County prosecutor, said Dietzs analysis in other cases is not relevant to the Yates case. She says she will regard the judge to limit Dietzs testimony to his analysis of Yates. If convicted, Yates was facing life in prison, but not execution. That issue was settled at her first trial, when the dialog box jilted execution. Texas law defines insanity as the inability to know right from wrong . At Yates trial, Dietz testified that Yates knew that drowning her children was wrong. Jurors agreed with Dietzs opinion and rejected her insanity defense.A key contrariety in the Yates case from other similar cases was that she didnt state that she attacked her sons at Gods worry. Yates had told Dietz that she had drowned her children Noah, 7 John, 5 Paul, 3 Luke, 2 and Mary, 6 months at the direction of Satan, according to the trial transcript. She also told Dietz she thought it was wrong. Although Yates readily confessed to what she had done, and the crimes were committed in less than an hour, what led up to her killing her children had been building for almost two years she had said.Odd family dynamics, fundamentalist religious beliefs, clinical care that was fragmented at best, and the quirks and inadequacies of the American medical-insurance system all had some role in the Yates family tragedy. The case also highlighted the lack of recognition of the potentially deadly co nsequences of postnatal disorders, and the limitations of the justice system in dealing with individuals who are mentally ill. Andrea Yates began to show signs of mental illness shortly after the birth of her first child, when she had a error that involved a stabbing.After the birth of her fourth child, she attempted suicide by taking an overdose of sedatives. She was taken to hospital, but was eventually discharged forwards her symptoms were resolved because her insurance company limited the number of days of convict care it would pay for. She was prescribed antidepressants, but did not take them. In a second suicide attempt, she held a knife against her throat and began to mangle herself and heard voices that told her to get a knife.When she became near catatonic, doctors suggested electroconvulsive therapy, but the family rejected this option. Finally, she received a drug cocktail containing an antipsychotic agent. The medication was apparently effective, but Andrea believed she had been cookn truth serum, which caused her to lose control of herself. Despite a psychiatrists warning that having another child would more than likely provoke another psychotic episode, the Yates had a fifth child.The implication was that Andrea had got the idea for her actions from the television program. However, no such episode had ever aired. This was the false testimony, a mistake Dietz acknowledged, on which the case was eventually overturned and a new trial granted. hoar Yates, Andreas husband, divorced his wife and remarried. Andreas commitment to a state mental institution is subject to court supervision and is reviewed periodically but chances are she will remain in a mental hospital for the rest of her life.Several professional communities have used Andreas case to try to prevent a similar tragedy from occurring. The Mental Health Association of Greater Houston accomplished the Yates Children Memorial Fund to educate the public about issues affecting womens ment al health after birth and the effect of post pardum depression and disorders. In 2003, the Texas state legislature passed the Andrea Yates Bill. The bill requires all providers of prenatal care to give new mothers information about resources available to help them with postnatal depression.

Immigration Restriction Act Essay

in-migration restriction act- 1901The Immigration limit wager (1901) can be argued was a policy enacted to reflect the prejudices in Australian society at the time. The Immigration Restriction Act consisted of the Australian fantan limiting immigration to Australia, which came to be kn admit as The White Australia insurance. The White Australia insurance consists of dissimilar historical laws that favour immigration to Australia from Britain precisely strongly discourage non- clears or people who argon not of British descent. At the turn of the deoxycytidine monophosphate Australia was close up a relatively new-fashioned country. Its population was 4 million, approximatelywhat small, compared to other world populations. At the time the general exoteric consensus was that Australia should be a white country and allowing indiscriminate immigration could queer its identity. The White Australia Policy had overwhelming jut out from Australias white population, so it could be a rgued that its introduction was merely a reflection of the publics i engages at the time.This is reflected by historian Myra Willard no motive power, operated more than universally on this continent, or in the beautiful island of Tasmania than the desire that we should be virtuoso people, and remain one people, without the admixture of other races. Myra Willard, History of the White Australia Policy to 1920. Melbourne University Press, 1923. p 119 It is clear that white Australians were passionate about preserving a white Australia. Undoubtedly the Federal Government was under a great deal of public pressure to conform. By analysing the reasoning behind the Policy it was more than just an attempt to preserve white culture. As the Parliamentary debates at the time convey, there was an argument that the white race was superior and non-whites were deemed inferior. The summit Minister at the time Edmund Barton delivers this message to Parliament. We are guarding the last soften of th e world in which the higher races can live and increase necessitously for the higher civilisation. I place before the house a flyer of definite and high policy. Although the White Australia Policy did have overwhelming assume within Parliament and the public there were some who opposed the new policy.Some objections were made on moral grounds citing that the Laws were brutal and offensive. I have already admitted that it is our duty to restrict the immigration of Asiatics I cannot fuck off myself in the face of appeals similar that, and in the face of the knowledge I have of India and Asia generally, to do anything in the insulting and brutalway proposed by the Bill. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, November 13, 1901. p 7158 Opposition was also met with from Britain, which many a(prenominal) Australian parliamentarians were concerned about. The British Government had warned against an outright ban establish on race and colour. The Immigration Restriction Act would be oppos ition to the British principle of equality and would deeply offend their Indian subjects and their Japanese allies. Despite Britains clear objections many were still prepared to support the Bill even if it meant breaking ties with Britain. This is clearly expressed by William Morris Hughes We deficiency a White Australia and are we to be denied it because we shall offend the Japanese or embarrass His Majestys ministers? I think not If we are to go on making things smooth for His Majestys Government- if our initiative and only desire is to shape a policy to suit our own ends, then we know where we are. We have come, it appears to me, to the parting of ship canal. William Morris Hughes, Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates family 12, 1901. p 4825 Prior to 1901, immigration was controlled by the colonies.During the gold rush in the 1850s many migrants came to Australia from around the world and wanted to settle there. small-arm the majority were from Britain, 60,000 came from Continen tal Europe, 42,000 from China, 10,000 from the United States and just over 5,000 from New Zealand and the atomic number 16 Pacific. By the time of Federation the total population was close to quartette million of whom one in four were born overseas. The Australian colony was soon shifting to a population of different migrants. This left Australians issue policies that would control migration. The Australian colonies were particularly concerned with the amount of Chinese migrants and the conflicts that had arisen among the Chinese and white Australians settler. Prior to 1901 the Colonial States gathered to discuss ways of prohibiting Chinese migration and other migrants.Thus when Australian Federation was formed, the Immigration Restriction Act was introduced as solution to the problem the colonial states had been facing. As a result the number of Chinese migrants decreased instantly. At face value the Immigration Restriction Act was arguably racist and exclusionary. However in early 19th Century Australia it was widely viewed as a necessity. Australia was still a new country with a relatively small population. It was viewed general as a land of prosperity and became popular for many to migrate there and seek their fortune. Had not the Federal Government implemented laws to putimmigration Australia could have potentially lost its identity as a predominately White Nation. The Immigration Restriction Act appealed to peoples fears and the pauperism for self preservation, and at the time this argument was fairly plausible.In severally and every avenue of life we find the competition of the coloured races insidiously creeping in, and if we are to maintain the standard of living we think necessary, in order that our people may be brought up with a head of comfort, and with scholastic advantages which will conduce to the improvement and general advancement of the nation, some pause must be made in regard to the book of facts of the competition of the colou red aliens generally. (Member of parliament 1901). This quote clearly states that the majority of Parliament felt strongly about protecting Australias white identity. This was do in the face of opposition from Britain and the likelihood of upsetting other countries like Japan. It was a bold step but the majority of Australians were determined. . The White Australia Policy was an important chapter in Australian history. It had its benefits and limitations. It affected not just Australia but many people around the world. It was something that many countries were against and is very different to what Australias immigration policy is today.BIBLIOGRAPHYImmigration Restriction Act 1901 Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_Act_1901 USED ON April 14thThe Establishment Of The Immigration Restriction Act ABChttp//www.abc.net.au/federation/fedstory/ep2/ep2_events.htm USED ON April 26thWhite Australia Immigration Restriction Act 1901, Austral ia to 1914 http//www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-14_u-127_t-350_c-1213/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/nsw/history/australia-to-1914/white-australia-immigration-restriction-act-1901 Copyright 2013 Red Apple study Ltd. All rights reserved. USED ON April 14thWhite Australia policy Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kant and Descartes Essay

Idealism is the assertion there atomic number 18 none just view thing beings. All other things, which we believe are discriminated in recognitions, are nonhing tho presentations in the mentation things, to which no object glass external to them in fact corresponds. Everything we see is practiced a construction of the idea. (Prolegomena). Idealism maintains that there are no objects in the initiation, only judgments. According to noble-mindedness, the compriseence of outer objects is uncertain and ambiguous. Idealism is the conference of philosophies asserting that authenticity is essentially mental, or otherwise intangible.Kant holds the belief that objects only exist as perceptions is fundamentally idealist. The argument begins by making the point our senses never enable us to experience things in themselves, but only bop their appearances. This idea depicts blank shell and time as empty forums to determine how things appear. Kant discusses how mathematics consi sts of synthetic a priori cognitions, or the ability to provide new tuition that is necessarily true, and its relation to geometry. Kant believes there is some form of pure intuition innate within us.This innate intuition is what allows us to identify diverse nonions without reference to sense experience. In the opinion of Kant, the misfortune of mathematics rests upon the possibility of synthetic propositions a priori. (Prolegomena). There is a priori certainty of geometry. A priori noesis or justification is independent of all experience. A priori judgments are establish upon reason alone, independently of all sensory experience, and therefore are applicable with universality. According to Kant, Geometry is based upon the pure intuition of space. (Prolegomena). We placenot contribute any perceptions of objects if not in space and time. Kant declares, it must first exhibit its concepts in intuition, and do so a priori, in an intuition that is not empirical, but pure. (Prole gomena). Geometry, as the innate intuition of space, derives from the sequential moments of our innate intuition of time. If space were not built into of our innate composition, two things with all of the same properties would be in every way identical. Space and time are not properties of the objects in things themselves, but rather, qualities ofour neckledge of the things. Space and time are referred by Kant as the modes of representation, or forms of sensibility, of objects. (Prolegomena). Kant believes inner experience is all that we can be certain of and that the e? ects can only conclude the domain of the external world has on us. If space and time are subjective, because everything in space and time are subjective. If space and time were things in themselves that we could only understand by reference to experience, geometry and math would not have the a priori certainty that makes them reliable.If space and time do not last to the things themselves, and we cannot know any thing in space and time, then we dont know the things in themselves. As a result of this, Kant says that appearances are That is pure space is not at all a quality of things in themselves but a form of our sensuous faculty of representation, and that furthermore all objects in space are mere appearances. (Prolegomena). This declaration regarding things being tangible reveals Kants view of transcendental idealism, faces the issue of things existing at all, directly. Immanuel Kants closely influential contribution to philosophy is transcendental idealism.Transcendental idealism is fundamentally a doctrine about space and time. The idea is we cannot perceive things in and of themselves directly what we perceive must first be interpreted by our senses, then by our sensibility and understanding. Though Kant has argued that we cannot perceive things in themselves, but only appearances of things, Kant believes intuition, and the senses control our perception. And anything, which we may pe rceive, is made up entirely of appearances. Kant argues, subsequently, things themselves in some way cause these appearances.Kant maintains that things in themselves, independent of our perception, exist, and that they are the tooth root of what we do perceive. All other things, which we think are perceived in intuition, being nothing but representations in the thinking beings, to which no object external to them corresponds in fact. Representations of our sensibility can be said to be reflections of our mind. Kant makes this claim stating, The understanding intuits nothing but only reflects. (Prolegomena). This proposes the question regarding idealism, because something cannot be fully understood, does it still exist?Unlike Idealism, which generally manifests skepticism, the existence of things is decisive to Kants philosophy. However, Kant insists we cannot know anything about these things purely through their appearance. Kant asserts which is unknown to us but is not therefore less real. (Prolegomena). Kant is claiming this ideal is contrary to idealism. Descartes unconquerable that he could throw all things into doubt except that he was thinking and doubting. This supports the concept of idealism because it emphasizes the centrality or importance of the mind.Descartes, like Plato and Augustine divided his world into two areas. For Descartes the two areas were the cogito and the Deity. Rationalists, like Descartes, aim to escape the confines of the mind by constructing knowledge of the external world, the self, the soul, God, ethics, and science out of the simplest, indubitable ideas possess innately by the mind. Descartes argued that knowledge came from the mind, or idealism. It was Descartess idealism that would business leader him to his separation of the mind and body. Descartes believes in the ability to deny the existence of the visible world.Kants major disagreement with Descartes would be in postulating an existential humanity outside of the mind. An object does not depend on a mind perceiving it for it to exist though the mind does depend on the transcendental categories to perceive of those objects in a meaningful way. .. Desire this idealism of mine to be called critical. But if it be really an objectionable idealism to convert actual things into mere representations. (Prolegomena) Kant expresses his impulse to change transcendental idealism to critical idealism at the end of this section.

Ontario’s Nuclear Plants

Ontarios thermo thermo atomic force planets are damaging our surround and economic structure thermo atomic place should be shut deal and replaced with safer methods of power making. Ontarios thermonuclear power is not the safe and refreshful port to produce power, Ontarios nuclear plants are becoming outdated, nuclear waste is imageing up, and contamination is becoming more of a threat. Ontario conception that nuclear was clean, safe, and cheap way to produce power. During the 1950s, Ontario Hydro was look for new sources of electrical energy to meet the growing indigence.In 1954, a partnership was formed amongst Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), Ontario Hydro and Canadian General Electric to build Canadas first nuclear power plant called NPD for Nuclear source Demonstration. In 1962, NPD began supplying the province of Ontario with its first nuclear generated electricity. Ontario had found its new source of electricity, and they were not fully aware consequences that would happen afterward many years of use. Power projects (later AECL CANDU), based in Toronto. Ontario and Montreal, Quebec became responsible for implementing AECLs nuclear power program and marketing CANDU reactors.Nuclear power was cheap, if you did not have to worry about the waste. This was the adjudicate to Ontarios power enigmas, so they invested in the newest source of power at the time. Most people believed that nuclear power was a good change in Ontarios power structure, and there would be no real problems in the prox. Ontario needed a new source of power in the 1950s they found it in nuclear power and it solved the problem. In the 1950s the average person did not have a lot of knowledge about nuclear energy, and nuclear studies were being held.All people really knew was the positive locating of things, the government and research bodys made videos that would try to get out nuclear energy to the public. The videos would talk about how great nuclear power and ho w abundant nuclear energy was. Making it sound like the answer to all our electric needs. The government and research body kind of jumped slightly the subject of nuclear waste, and the effects it could have on a compassionate or the environment. The real truths about nuclear energy was not as widely known, and the majority of the people thought that nuclear energy was a positive step in the right direction.Ontario has a wide problem with the build up of nuclear waste, and this waste could have a huge impact on our environment if something were to go wrong. Radioactive mops, rags, clothing, tools, and contaminated equipment such as filters and pressure tubes, are temporality stored in shallow undercover containers at the Bruce Nuclear Complex and elsewhere. At Bruce, a radwaste incinerator reduces the volume of combustive hot waste physicals. In 1975, St. Marys School in Port anticipate was evacuated because of high radiation levels in the cafeteria.It was soon learned that large volumes of radioactive wastes from uranium refining operations had been used as construction material in the school and all over town. Hundreds of homes were contaminated. there are cc million tons of sand-like uranium tailings in Canada, mostly in Ontario and Saskatchewan. These radioactive wastes will remain hazardous for hundreds of thousands of years. They contain some of the most coercive carcinogens known radium, ra wear down gas, polonium, thorium and others. Radio-active tailings also result from phosphate ores and other ores rich in uranium.In 1978, an Ontario Royal Commission recommended that a jury of world class ecologists study the long-term problem of radioactive tailings and that the future of nuclear power be assessed in view of their findings. The government has snub these recommendations. Nuclear waste is biodegradable, but it takes it takes hundreds of thousands of years to do so, which could leave insufferable results in the future. Lately Ontarios nu clear power plants have been vent threw horrible management, out dated equipment, and nuclear waste build up resulting in economic breakdown.Ontarios nuclear plants have not had their equipment greatly updated, which is a big problem that could be costly to fix. When calculated in real 1998 dollars, total federal subsidies to Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) for the know 46 years amount to $15. 8 billion. It should be noted that $15. 8 billion is a real cash subsidy to AECL, and does not include any opportunity cost? What the subsidies would have been worth if the government had invested in more cost competitive ventures. At a rate of 15%, the opportunity cost of government subsidies to AECL is $202 billion.There is also federal monetary support for other nuclear activities in progress or impending, including the Whiteshell Laboratories privatization ($23. 1 million) the MAPLE reactors at Chalk River Laboratories ($120 million) the Canadian Neutron Facility ($400 million) radioactive waste management and decommissioning ($665 million) and reactor exports ($2. 5 billion considered). In Ontario the no-good management and the old equipment has address to major change in the way the plats work. Also this will cost billions of dollars to do.In the long run Ontarios nuclear do not make the money needed to confine establish, with the costs of fixing them and reforming them it would just cost to much, so there is no point in doing so. Ontario has purposed to close down all of there nuclear plants, but they decided that is would be better to keep most of them open. There are much more safer, cleaner, and cheaper ways of producing power. We could invest solar, wind or tide power sources, all of which are safe. Leaving these nuclear plants open is like trying to heal your cut with a knife.Ontario and its people dont realize that with the build up of nuclear waste, we could be looking into major crises. Many of Ontario Hydros problems are monetary in origin. The conjunction has had difficulty maintaining its nuclear facilities in accordance with the Atomic Energy fit Boards safety requirements. Hydros restructuring efforts reflect past inadvertence in preventive, minor, and responsive maintenance. It is now faced with a situation wherein the demand for energy must be met through the means of an increasingly particular(a) resource . . . money.In response to this problem, the energy formerly supplied through nuclear power is being replaced primarily with coal-driven electrical generation. Hydro has implemented a short-term, spry fix solution based on the same practices and assumptions, which originally lead to the failure of Ontarios nuclear energy program. As of now Ontario stands by its nuclear power and they do not have any live plans to shut down or totally reform these plants. Ontarios nuclear power plants are a Danger to our environment, the economy, and a danger to the people, us we should shut down all of these plants and r eplace them with safer methods.

Ethical Philosophies of Machiavelli and Subramanian Essay

One of the greatest comparisons of wholly clock time is to demarcation line Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince with V. K. Subramanians The Chanakya Kautilya. Critic all(prenominal)y, a look tin can be taken into several(prenominal) antithetical ele custodyts of each authors work to best comp atomic number 18 and subscriber line them. To that end, a look will be taken at the political, complaisant, and honorable philosophies of Machiavelli and Subramanian to determine how they differ and in which ways the philosophies ar similar.Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince in the early 1500s as a way of adding his insight from what he had seen of politics and hereditary principality counterbalance though it was plagiarized during Machiavellis lifetimeand was never print by himmaking the text itself as still problematic (Machiavelli 11). While current versions of The Prince ar attri just nowed to him, this fact of plagiarism and publishing craft make the work even more(prenominal) intrig uing, given the subject study itself.Of the work itself, Machiavelli said that I pour myself bug out as fully as I can in meditation on the subject, discussing what a principality is, what kinds there are, how they can be acquired, how they can be kept, why they are lost and if any of the fancies ever pleased you, this ought non to aggravate you and to a prince, especially to a refreshing whizz, it should be welcome (Machiavelli 11). Machiavelli give the work itself to Lorenzo de Medici, even after he was put to torture by the family for treachery.Machiavellis methods are one of unique significance as he is writing, having been there, in the thick of things. Essentially, The Prince is meant as a guidebook on how to convention in all princely matters for Lorenzo de Medici. Machiavelli wrote about how hereditary principalities worked, how to keep that inheritance, and even how a prince could gain a new principality, and how a prince should rule his battalion and act, as a pr ince, and politically.While Machiavelli essentially confined his writings to obtaining fortune, retentiveness and obtaining tycoon, and virtue as a loss drawing card, a look can be taken into his writings to disc over the philosophies beneath his ideas. In comparison, V. K. Subramanians The Chanakya Kautilya was published in 1980 about and are translated from are translated from three works cognise as the Chankyasutras, the Chankyanitidarpan and the Arthshastra and are based upon the time in history nigh 300 BC.The intro of Subramanians work respects that Chanakya, too known as Kautilya and Vishnugupta was the famous Indian Machiavelli who was responsible for the overthrow of the last prescript of the zipper Dynasty and the enthronement of Chandragupta Mauryathere is an interesting story about Chanakyas beginning encounter with Chandragupta, which ultimately ended in their collaboration and capture of power (Subramanian 1).Subramanians work, then, is a direct reflection of Machiavellis own. What makes them similar, however, despite the men within the tales, is the philosophies shared between the ii. Machiavellis political ism is by chance the easiest to pinpoint as the truly purpose of his work revolved nearly the necessity of a prince to reign successfully. Machiavelli, actually, mainly focused on the political aspects of maintaining and gaining principalities.He notes that let any one now consider with what myopic difficulty the king could need maintained his position in Italy had he observed the rules above laid down, and kept all his friends secure and foster for although they were numerous they were both weak and timid, some afraid of the Churchand hence they would always have been dragd to stand in with him, and by their marrow he could easily have made himself secure against those who remained powerful (30).Machiavelli is prod his prince to take note of the past and understand that had the king protected his weaker neighbors, he w ould have not further gained them as allies scarcely also could have gained them as p prowess of his reign. And, at all costs, he should protect his allies as he would protect his own sustain tos. Politically, being a stronger power, he would have been made into the attractor, who they would be indebted to and would look out with more loyalty than any money could purchase. And, to Machiavelli, the art of gaining allies and principalities, even de facto ones, was the art to be achieved.Even more so, Subramanians fourth maxim empower Advisors, Aides, Counselors, Ministers, notes that after equipping oneself fully, one should seek an ally (aide), one without an consultant has no certainty of counsel, one wheel does not move (the vehicle), the straight aide serves alike in prosperity and adversity, a self respecting ruler should appoint as counselor, one who is inferior to him, and respects himdeflection to the oppositeness takes place due to negligence (22-25). In this, Subram anian agrees wholeheartedly with Machiavellis positments.To be a successful ruler, allies mustiness be taken and protected, number one and foremost, before true rule can begin. The reason being, that with allies, a force become much stronger, incrementally, with each ally added. Furthermore, each ally must be protected and cared for to ensure their cooperationbut with that cooperation comes an extended kingdom. Indeed, Machiavellis social philosophy can be found within his writings on obtaining fortune. Machiavelli writes that principalities are both hereditary, in which the family has been long established or they are new.such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to drop dead under a prince, or to live in freedom and are acquired either by the arms of the prince himself, or of others, or else by fortune or by ability (21). Machiavelli is commenting, simply, that the way in which a prince gains set down is two-fold either he inherits it or he fights for it. The manner in which the prince gains and obtains his land, however, is what makes the prince either honey by his citizenry or hated. For Machiavelli, gaining the most principalities possible by virtuous means was the ideal result.And, as he instructed his prince, it was best to be good, socially, if any hopes of maintaining that principality are held. In fact, Machiavelli comments that, for example, Louis the Twelfth, King of France, quickly engaged Milan, and as quickly lost it and to turn him out the frontmost time it only needed Lodovicos own forces because those who had opened the gates to him, purpose themselves deceived in their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince (23).Moreover, it is very true that, after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time, they are not so lightly lost after struggleds, because the prince, with little reluctance, takes the opportunity of the ascension to punish the delinquents, to clear out the suspects, and to strengthen himself in the weakest places (24). Thus, not only is it important for a prince to be clear in his occupation in a land, to become most be knowd, he must first get rid of the troublemakersthus leaving the peaceable, and willing to be occupied. If a prince does not take this step, he is left in hostile territory with people willing to stage an overthrow.On contrast, Subramanian writes out a few of the maxims of Chanakya, citing that economical prosperity creates prosperity for the people, if the people are prosperous, even a leaderless state can be governed, peoples rabidity is the greatest of furiesand to be without a master is better than having an arrogant master (22). In this, the two authors cannot be more different from the other. Machiavelli believes that the first step of any prince should be to take a firm grasp upon his principalities, to conquer new ones, and to win the dissenters by force before they can rally for an overthrow.Machiavelli believes that by acquire rid of the rebellious people before they can act, a leader can sustain and mark his position within his land, taking shift before the people even really know that it has happened. Then, formerly all the disorder has been stamped out, a leader can begin to make his land prosperous. However, Subramanian cites a very different kind of social philosophy, making note that a leader might as well not comprise if he intends to be a tyrant to the people, that a people have more respect for a man intent on prosperity, first, and rebellion last.Because, in an attempt to rout the dissenters, a leader would make a dent on the value the people hold for himand thus their fury would remain. To really be a true leader and be beloved by his land, a leader must intend on richness and prosperity as his bottom line. Finally, Machiavellis ethical and moral philosophy requires the most interpretation to highlight significantly. As Machiavelli writes about virtue in a leader, instructing a pri nce on how to act and behave, an ethical philosophy is formed.On contrast, Subramanians ethical philosophy stems from his ethical roots maxim that states responsibility is the root of happiness, wealth is the root of righteousness, the state of the root is wealth, victory over senses is the root of the state, humility is the root of sense control, worship of elders is the root of humility, intelligence results from the worship of elders, with firmness one can prosper, the prosperous one becomes the fetching oneand the victorious one obtains all the riches (21-22). Despite its cryptic fortune-cookie nature, Subramanians writings do indeed have a fine message on ethical philosophy, here.In explicating the words, Subramanian is saying that to be a good leader, on must first be righteous, but to be righteous, one must first have wealth, to have wealth, one must first have victory, to have victory, one must first have humility, to have humility, one must listen to their elders to obta in wisdom, and with that wisdom a leader can prosper and be victorious in all they seek to achieve. The value here, is that Subramanian notes the significance of wisdom in all things. Without wisdom and undermentioned and heeding the elders who have come before, a leader stands no chance of being successful.Morally, a leader is obligated to his people to be triumphant so that the land can prosper, but without wisdom, a leader is nothing to his people but a tyrant. Subramanian says what Machiavelli does not. To Machiavelli, leading a people, by first disposing of the bad ones, is the best way for a prince to prosper in his lands. While he encourages his prince to be sound and wise, he first sends out the encouragement that the prince must always guard his assets, for fear of being overthrown or taken down by a greater force. To Machiavelli, obtaining land and favourable was, essentially, about war.To win that war, a prince had to be wise, and indeed, listen to his elders as well, b ut not in the ethical sense. Machiavelli meant for the prince to watch out for himself, first and foremost, and then, once the land became prosperous, Machiavelli encouraged the prince to be good to his people so that they would love him and understand that they were prosperous because of him. To Machiavelli, the ethical philosophy came last, after conquering and protect ones principalities. Overall, one of the greatest comparisons of all time is to contrast Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince with V. K.Subramanians The Chanakya Kautilya. Taking a look at several different elements of each authors work critically revealed a great level of significance as to their philosophies on politics, socially, and even ethically. Politically, Machiavelli and Subramanian follow the same philosophy, which intends a leader to find and protect allies first and foremost. As to social philosophy, however, the two authors cannot be more different. Machiavelli intends his prince to take blossom and stamp out rebellion, while Subramanian cites that prosperity and kindness should be shown towards the new land.And finally, ethically, the two authors also differ. Machiavelli is intent on a prince who focuses on war and conquering new lands, and in this way a leader can gain wisdom and insighthowever, to Subramanian, wisdom only comes by following ones elders. Morally, a leader is obligated to his people to be triumphant so that the land can prosper, but without wisdom, a leader is nothing to his people but a tyrant. Works Cited. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trns. W. K. Marriott. New York homy Label Books, 1910. Subramanian, V. K. Maxims of Chanakya Kautilya. India Abhinav Publications, 1980.